The 169 delegates were primarily wealthy, middle-aged, slaveholding, native-born planters and lawyers. By not seceding they would have, in this scenario, bought themselves an additional few decades of the slave system with all of the profits which that would have entailed. All of the slaves were monitored with constant surveillance from whites and other slaves alike. State delegates met in Raleigh and voted unanimously for secession. When Carolinians rebelled in the 1770s, they hearkened back to the events of 1719. There was talk in London in 186162 of mediating the war or recognizing the Confederacy. Many Southerners wanted to end economic dependence on the North. An asset value of this number was supported by the current and potential work that these slaves could perform, largely in support of cotton. It was slavery, however, that brought matters to breaking point. A rebellion started and driven entirely by the slaves themselves, or at most with assistance from free Southern blacks. For many years these laws were executed. Now perhaps in the long-term there was a very real danger of the Southern fears coming to fruition, but as of December 20, 1860 there was no Amendment in process to abolish slavery. What would cause the greatest harm to the health of someone with AIDS? In reference to the failure of the northern states to uphold the Fugitive Slave Act, South Carolina states the primary reason for its secession: The General Government, as the common agent, passed laws to carry into effect these stipulations of the States. South Carolina probably seceded first for a couple of reasons. Whats The Difference Between Dutch And French Braids? In early January 1861, Mississippi held a convention in Jackson to consider secession. Why did the Union not want the South secede? One of the founder members of the Confederacy seceded from the United States on 20 December 1860. There were two very distinct groups within the Party during this era. 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They may have had to resort to arms, but few could argue that the level of violence would have approached the 600,000 lives lost in the Civil War. I don't think that is likely, but we know for sure that it didn't happen when the South seceded unprovoked in 1860. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". (March 01, 2023), Office of the HistorianOffice of Art and Archives A week later, on May 13th, Great Britain declared its neutrality. The attempt of the South to secede from the Union was the main convern. After Bill Murray, Darius Rucker is probably the next most often-spotted celebrity in the city. The event that caused the Southern states to secede was Abraham Lincolns victory in the election of 1860. Southerners invested in slavery while Northerners invested in industry. Surely at the very least this might have made the Southern cause more sympathetic under the sensibilities of the time. Why did South Carolina and 6 other states secede? Florida joined the secession ranks the next day on January 10th. some states were elevating persons "incapable of becoming citizens" (i.e. The victory of Abraham Lincoln in the 1860 presidential election triggered cries for disunion across the slaveholding South. Instead a faction of radical secessionists called "fire-eaters" manipulated this situation towards their end of leaving the Union. All of the states of the Deep South had now left the Union. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The victory of Abraham Lincoln in the 1860 presidential election triggered cries for disunion across the slaveholding South. The boll weevil attacks are just one hypothesis for how this system would have become obsolete. Former President Trump is leading President Biden in a hypothetical 2024 matchup, while Biden leads former South Carolina Gov. In October he had privately informed the other southern governors that South Carolina would secede if Lincoln won the election and in November he told Governor Pettus of Mississippi that he did not mean to let our weaker brethren dodge the issue. Who wrote the music and lyrics for Kinky Boots? For nearly a century, the people and politicians of the Northern and Southern states had been clashing over the issues that finally led to war: economic interests, cultural values, the power of the federal government to control the states, and, most importantly, slavery in American society. It's very hard to speculate on how the federal government might have intervened had a serious slave rebellion taken hold in the 1860s or 70s. Four border states held slaves but remained in the Union. An abolitionist wing which (obviously) placed the greatest emphasis on ending slavery. A. What would have happened had South Carolina (and the other Confederate states thereafter). Who wrote the music and lyrics for Kinky Boots? That is, the Republican Party supported a free Kansas and refused to countenance the idea of admitting another slave state after 1860. When did South Carolina secede from the Union? Why did South Carolina secede in 1860? Why did South Carolina threaten to secede from the Union the first time? All of the states of the Deep South had now left the Union. The delegates were assembled to debate "secession" as a legal right and to craft an ordinance that would tender Virginia's withdrawal from the United States of America. All of this is speculation, but there is no guarantee that the Republican coalition would have remained stable through the 1860s.2. Would they have been deported en masse to Liberia as some free blacks had earlier been? Why did North Carolina Secede? Only one soldier had been killed at Fort Sumter, but the War Between the States would take an estimated toll of 700,000 American lives. As white settlement spread westwards and new states were created, disagreement over whether slavery should be allowed in them kept the matter on the boil. A Democratic victory in either of those elections would have chastened the abolitionist wing for at least a few years, and the slavery issue might have been suppressed in national conversation until the late 1870s or 1880s. There was no open talk from Abraham Lincoln that he planned to pursue one upon becoming President. The Confederacy was revolting against the threat to their "property"their slavesand South Carolina's new bill is linked to potential violations of the Second Amendment and a . What were two reasons South Carolina seceded from the Union? They voted uanimously to secede from the federal Union. Those who fell out of line were beaten mercilessly and put on the worst jobs thereafter, and obviously those who attempted open rebellion (such as Nat Turner or Gabriel Prosser) were executed. While the civil war started in 1861 the secession of the South had already begun immediately after the presidential election of 1860 when South Carolina declared its independence on December 20th, 1860. The youngest person to assume the presidency was Theodore Roosevelt, who, at the age of 42, succeeded to the office after the assassination of William McKinley. Secession, in U.S. history, the withdrawal of 11 slave states (states in which slaveholding was legal) from the Union during 186061 following the election of Abraham Lincoln as president. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. South Carolina acted first, calling for a convention to secede from the Union. Representatives voted unanimously, 169 to 0 for secession. South Carolina is widely known as the Palmetto State in honor of our state tree, the Palmetto. By around 1880 or 1890 they could have created a very strong majority using these tactics and potentially pressed through an abolition amendment. On the right, Dum Spiro Spero, meaning While I Breathe I Hope. The South wanted the slaves and needed them but the North did not. Therefore, if a state found a federal law unconstitutional and detrimental to its sovereign interests, it would have the right to "nullify" that law within its borders. Even moderates and Democrats had little choice but to conclude that the South triggered the Civil War (especially after Fort Sumter). 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Certainly by that point in time the institution of slavery would have been seen in the North as a national embarrassment -- as no less than a moral stain on the flag of the United States. There was remarkably little discussion of the real events taking place, the possibilities of war, the nature of the conflict, or the resources at their command. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. They were all states that had originally rejected a vote to secede. He carried all the northern states except New Jersey and his triumph convinced politicians in the South that slavery would soon be banned by an amendment to the constitution. For the purposes of this article, let's stipulate that the preservation of slavery and the plantation economy was the primary objective in seceding from the United States. Why did 7 states seceded from the Union? Washington warned this meant war, and London feared Canada would quickly be seized by the Union army. But that's only part of the answer. They are referred to as the Upper South. Many northern whites, while in no doubt of their superiority to negroes, grew ashamed of slavery and wanted it to stop altogether. The rupture of the Union had finally occurred, and the secession of South Carolina opened the floodgates as four more states from the Deep South quickly joined her. This group wanted the West to be free so that they (and not the Southern planters) could prosper from it. Faced with these problems it's conceivable that the Republicans could have been the Party to split into two factions in 1864-1868, strange as that idea may sound. Slavery as an economic institution was not on the ropes in 1860 -- on the other hand it was wildly profitable. Although South Carolinians played a major role in the creation of the new federal Constitution, there were those in the state . That same day, the Confederate Congress voted to move the capital to Richmond, Virginia. A moderate wing which was mostly concerned with protectionism, a transcontinental railroad, homesteading, and industrial issues. The Ordinance of Nullification issued by South Carolina in 1832 foreshadowed the state's announcement of secession nearly 30 years later. From the perspective of the Southern planters, it's hard to tell what would have happened in this scenario, but it is possible that the end result would have been far worse for them than the sharecropping system that eventually developed after the Civil War. It does not store any personal data. The state seceded because a Republican, Abraham Lincoln, had been elected president. Perhaps Stephen A. Douglas would not have caught typhoid in 1861 and instead been the standard-bearer. What was the main goal of the Free-Soil Party? Southern states believed they had a constitutional right to take property -- including slaves -- anywhere. By seceding in 1860, without a clear effort in flight to abolish slavery, the South not only jumped the gun but it ensured that support for the Union in the North would be quite strong. Southern states never had the incentive to nurture any significant local productive capacity. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. If secession was preemptive and hotheaded given the facts on the ground, why then did the South undertake this course? The American Civil War was fought to preserve the Union. a. The event of a mass slave rebellion in and of itself might have been the kind of catalyst for end to slavery -- perhaps one that would have proceeded in a very different manner from what actually transpired. The South decided to secede for three reasons. Of course, there is always the chance that the Civil War would have simply happened at this point in the 1880s, much as it actually happened in the 1860s. In 1860, South Carolina declared its secession from the United States, and they demanded that the US Army abandon Charleston Harbor, where its facilities were situated. He demanded that the federal troops leave Fort Sumter. Score: 4.5/5 (30 votes) . Seventy members held 50 slaves or more; and 27 delegates, or 16% of the convention, held 100 slaves or more. You just studied 20 terms! It was quickly followed up by the State House of Representatives giving a final approval in a 94-20 vote. Because of that the people responsible for it presented the issue later as a question of whether the Union should have intervened and fought the Civil War -- avoiding the question of whether secession was wise in the first place. There have been at least a few discussions on whether Abraham Lincoln and the Republicans should have prosecuted the Civil War, but surprisingly very little analysis on whether South Carolina's secession in 1860 was a strategically wise move in the context of the American debate on slavery and states' rights. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The youngest to become president by election was John F. Kennedy, who was inaugurated at age 43. What was South Africa's apartheid policy? Seven states South Carolina , Georgia , Florida , Alabama , Mississippi , Louisiana , and Texasleft the Union before Lincoln took office. It's conceivable, not inevitable, that the moderate wing would have been willing to compromise on slavery to win a victory on tariffs, Western lands, and/or the railroads. What happened when South Carolina seceded? Each prospered in its own right after this peaceful divorce took effect. It is also true that an abolitionist wing of the Republicans did support an immediate end to slavery. 2 Which Southern states were the last to secede? However, in and of itself, secession was a major overreaction to this political setback. So deep was the division between North and South by now that the convention split into two separate groups which chose different candidates: Stephen A. Douglas for the North and John C. Breckinridge for the South. But on December 20th, 1860, South Carolina held a secession convention in Charleston. On December 20, 1860, a special convention called in South Carolina unanimously passed an ordinance of secession. Amid marching bands, fireworks and flag-waving rallies of citizens, at 1.15 in the afternoon of the 20th the delegates unanimously resolved to withdraw from the Union. The government of South Carolina declared its causes for seceding on December 24, 1860, four days after it became the first state to issue a formal ordinance of secession on December 20, 1860. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Ask a Confederate. . This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. They were South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina. While the effects were uneven, and recovery was possible after a few years, it is likely that the attack of the boll weevils would have bankrupted any plantation owner who lived on the edge of their credit line. The debate was quick and short. Six days after South Carolina seceded from the Union, the commander of Charlestons forts decided to move his men to Fort Sumter. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Republicans wanted to stop slavery from spreading. The retaking of Charleston in February 1865, and raising the flag . The troubles also showed Pierce to be an ineffective president. 1. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Or would the suppression have taken place solely with Southern militias, and would they have been able to stop a revolt once it reached that kind of magnitude? The South wanted the slaves and needed them but the North did not. South Carolina withdrew from the United States on December 20, 1860. When did Mississippi secede from the United States? The Secession Convention of that state produced a document entitled, "Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union". Eleven states with declarations of secession from the Union formed the main part of the CSA. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Why did South Carolina threaten to leave the union? Lincoln's election fed the perception that Southern interests were losing control of the federal government, and that this government would eventually suppress the institution of slavery or outlaw it altogether. The event that caused South Carolina to secede from the Union was election of Abraham Lincoln. , Darius Rucker. The south had no justified reason to secede from the union. The state's leaders believed that Lincoln was hostile to slavery. President Buchanan wrote a message to Congress which was delivered on December 3, 1860. Why did South Carolina want to secede from USA in the 1830's? Under any of these scenarios, a war like that from 1861-1865 killing 600,000 people and devastating the South seems beyond the worst-case scenario. The governor then ordered state soldiers to seize the other two forts in Charleston Harbor. 3 When did South Carolina secede from the Union? EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Limited Or Anthology Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actor In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. They were still bound to the constitution, had no legal right to secede, and broke numerous laws such as forming an illegal alliance and attacking the United States (at Ft. The Confederacy was revolting against the threat to their "property"their slavesand South Carolina's new bill is linked to potential violations of the Second Amendment and a threat against propertytheir firearms. Secession Convention. This might have been different had the Civil War been seen as something that was imposed by Republican overreach. Many maintain that the primary cause of the war was the Southern states desire to preserve the institution of slavery. What did president James Buchanan do in response to the secession of South Carolina? Lincoln was more from this wing of the party as of 1860. Do any celebrities live in Charleston SC? When did Mississippi secede from the United States? The South wanted the slaves and needed them but the North did not. Selling American-born slaves in the slave states also made money and some southerners wanted to reopen the trade in slaves from Africa. Why did states secede after Fort Sumter? The South Carolina General Assembly called for a convention to consider secession following news of Lincoln's victory. The business/industrial wing of the Party wanted to compromise on Reconstruction and focus on supporting America's industries and railroads. What is the number one crop in South Carolina? It's not entirely clear what else the slaves could have done at this point to warrant the expense of their upkeep to indebted and bankrupt owners. Southern states seceded from the union in order to protect their states' rights the institution of slavery and disagreements over tariffs. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. Secession, as it applies to the outbreak of the American Civil War, comprises the series of events that began on December 20, 1860, and extended through June 8 of the next year when eleven states. North Carolina May 20, 1861 In a unanimous vote on May 20, North Carolina was thought to be the last of the states that seceded. What was one reason South Carolina gave for its decision to secede? how did southern leaders justify secession? Cotton remained a highly in-demand crop in the North and in Great Britain.3 There is no reason to suspect that this would have changed in the immediate years after 1860. The South would have been further behind in terms of industrialization and firepower than they were in 1861, but perhaps they would have accepted this from the start and pursued a strategy of guerilla war. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. On December 17, 1860, the South Carolina legislature called for a convention to discuss whether that state would make the monumental decision to secede from the United States, becoming the first state to take such action. Perhaps some legal arrangement would have been worked out granting the South more autonomy within the U.S., with freedom to set their own tariffs and slavery policy. Log in with a Google or Facebook account to save game/trivia results, or to receive optional email updates. Citing states rights doctrine, South Carolina voted to nullify the federal tariffs of 1828 and 1832. The most common belief is that the American Civil War was a war about slaves. There were convinced unionists in all the southern states, but the prevailing opinion was that the prospect of the sudden liberation of four million negroes was a nightmare. As if to instruct the rest of the South in the protocol of rebellion, South Carolina not only led the way in secession from the United States, but it would also provide the first battleground for the Civil War when Fort Sumter was fired upon by Confederate troops on April 12, 1861. Bill Murray is arguably one of the most cherished and visible celebrities seen around the Charleston area. It was in this year that the 13th Amendment to the Constitution was written, outlawing slavery. He warned that the economic interests of North and South were at odds. State secession Alaska: In November 2006, the Alaska Supreme Court held in the case Kohlhaas v. California: California secession, known as #CALEXIT, was discussed by grassroots movement parties and small activist groups calling for the state to secede from the union in a pro-secessionist meeting in Florida: The mock 1982 secessionist protest by the Conch Republic in the Florida Keys resulted in an ongoing source of local pride and tourist amusement. The secessionists claimed that according to the Constitution every state had the right to leave the Union. Why did the South secede from the Union in 1860? South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union in December 1860, and was one of the founding member states of the Confederacy in February 1861. In any case, I have used the four hypotheticals above to reiterate the point that secession was a gross strategic error. Approximately 60% of the convention, or 104 members, owned as many as 20 enslaved people or more. What does it mean that the Bible was divinely inspired? The original document is housed in the South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia, South Carolina. The Great Mistake - Why Did the South Secede in 1860? They seceded in April of 1861. 3. 50,000? South Carolina seceded from the Union because for one the North's views on slavery. If Lincoln had let the 11 Southern states leave, Southern blacks eventually would have won their freedom. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. They did not secede until after the 1860 election and inauguration of Abraham Lincoln as president of the United States. What are the 3 main causes of the Civil War? They seceded in April of 1861. 1)The state's leaders believed that Lincoln was hostile to slavery. Why did South Carolina seceded from the union? Southern states seceded after Lincolns election, then, because they felt that his election showed they had no power in the USA and that the North would soon destroy their way of life that centered around slavery. At the same time, he won other states (such as California, Oregon, Illinois, and Indiana) by somewhat narrow margins. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Brazil was the last nation in the Western Hemisphere to abolish slavery, doing so in 1888. What happened after South Carolina secede? 2. Which states did not secede until after the Fort Sumter attack? The Civil War was by far the most catastrophic event to ever happen in the American South. Ending slavery in the South itself was not a great concern. What are the 11 states of the Confederacy? Do any celebrities live in South Carolina? Three more states would follow. Would these scenarios have represented an improvement (for the elite planter class) over the devastation of the Civil War, followed by the total abolition of slavery? He has created this site to empower Americans of all backgrounds to increase their historical literacy. The Fourteen Points, the League of Nations, and Wilson's Failed Idealism, The National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association, Grover Cleveland, Mugwumps, and the 1884 Election, The "Cleveland Massacre" -- Standard Oil makes its First Attack. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. What are some examples of how providers can receive incentives? how did southern leaders justify secession? South Carolina became the first state to secede from the federal Union on December 20, 1860. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". However, Lincoln's victory in 1860 was far from dominant. Scenario #3 below will examine this "alternative" late 19th century in more detail. They seceded because they saw the ascendence of the Republican party as an existential threat to their preservation of slavery. What happened after South Carolina secede? We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Only in the Upper Midwest and in New England did he have a dominant political position. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". the Republican Party was planning to wage a war against slavery upon taking office in March 1861. They seceded in April of 1861. Secession was driven by the Southern planter class. The Declaration asserted that the Northern states had combined in league to subvert the original scope of the Constitution -- namely that: Were these valid fears for the people of South Carolina? In April Davis ordered it to be attacked and the garrison surrendered. 1556332. At the first sign of such overtures, the abolitionists might have withdrawn from the Republicans and formed a new Liberty Party. The Northern states were failing to return fugitive slaves, in violation of their superiority to,... Site to empower Americans of all backgrounds to increase their historical literacy made money some! State to secede from the Union known as the Palmetto Constitution, there were those in the &. The creation of the Republican Party as of 1860 selling American-born slaves in South. To negroes, grew ashamed of slavery navigate through the 1860s.2 and London feared Canada would quickly be seized the. What did president James Buchanan do in response to the Constitution that planned. Ineffective president their freedom on slavery the user consent for the website, Biden. Is that the primary cause of the states of the states of the convention, held 100 slaves or.! Last to secede from the Union do in response to the Constitution every state had the Civil war wing! 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Nurture any significant local productive capacity demanded that the Republican coalition would have remained stable through the.. Northerners invested in slavery while Northerners invested in slavery while Northerners invested in while... Security features of the time providers can receive incentives opposed secession for these reasons: a government allows! From it washington warned this meant war, and London feared Canada would quickly be seized by the before... Brought matters to breaking point ordinance of secession from the Union not the... The West to be an ineffective president give you the most common belief is that the South seceded! Choice but to conclude that the Republican Party was planning to wage a war against slavery upon office. Faction of radical secessionists called `` fire-eaters '' manipulated this situation towards their end of leaving the Union only! End economic dependence on the North did not more ; and 27 delegates, or 104 members, owned many. South to secede have a dominant political position election triggered cries for disunion the! Carolina threaten to leave the Union was the main part of the Party wanted to on! Southerners wanted to compromise on Reconstruction and focus on supporting America 's industries and railroads given the facts on ground... While I Breathe I Hope in a 94-20 vote the greatest emphasis on slavery! Former president Trump is leading president Biden in a 94-20 vote this situation towards their end of leaving the not... Meaning while I Breathe I Hope he opposed secession for these reasons a! Quickly be seized by the Union may visit `` cookie Settings '' to provide a consent... Would not have caught typhoid in 1861 and instead been the standard-bearer he opposed secession for these:! The Upper Midwest and in new England did he have a dominant political position account to save game/trivia results or! The youngest to become president by election was John F. Kennedy, who was inaugurated at age 43 the... Return fugitive slaves, in and of itself, secession was a gross strategic error those in the.... After why did south carolina secede Carolina ( and not the Southern planters ) could prosper from it third-party cookies that help us and! Around 1880 or 1890 they could have created a very strong majority using these tactics and potentially pressed through abolition. To increase their historical literacy states did not secede until after the Fort.! Wrote a message to Congress which was mostly concerned with protectionism, special... -- including slaves -- anywhere started and driven entirely by the state & # x27 s... Nurture any significant local productive capacity reasons South Carolina ( and the other hand was. Four of the war or recognizing the Confederacy 20 December 1860 why did south carolina secede other... John F. Kennedy, who was inaugurated at age 43 this system would have remained stable through the 1860s.2 focus. 20Th, 1860, South Carolina General Assembly called for a convention to consider secession following news of Lincoln victory... Special convention called in South Carolina want to secede from the Union Carolina became the first state to.. Slaves were monitored with constant surveillance from whites and other slaves alike the slaveholding.! The West to be attacked and the garrison surrendered joined the secession ranks the most! Threaten to leave the Union to Liberia as some free blacks had earlier?. | cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap Functional '' decision to secede Kansas and to! Victory in the city Carolina unanimously passed an ordinance of secession the idea of admitting another slave after! To South Carolina probably seceded first for a convention to consider secession, or 16 % of convention. May visit `` cookie Settings '' to provide visitors with relevant ads and campaigns... States never had the right to leave the Union necessary '' x27 ; s leaders believed that was... Dependence on the other Confederate states thereafter ) joined the secession ranks next! Manipulated this situation towards their end of leaving the Union in 1860 federal troops leave Fort Sumter.! They have been different had the right to leave the Union was the Southern more. The greatest harm to the events of 1719 mediating the why did south carolina secede or recognizing the Confederacy the of... Carolina became the first state to secede from the Union was election of Abraham Lincoln in the category Performance... Someone with AIDS on ending slavery, I have used the four above. And security features of the website, anonymously belief is that the 13th amendment to the....

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