whole community to conduct preparedness activities to achieve the
One of the most significant factors contributing to the improved level of healthcare emergency preparedness across the nation has been the cooperative relationships occurring within individual hospitals and among neighboring hospitals, public health departments, emergency preparedness agencies, and other parties. https://www.fema.gov/nims-frequently-asked-questions#item1, Whole community. http://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/mscc/handbook/chapter2/Pages/default.aspx, Medical Reserve Corps. After the tragedies of September 11, however, imagining a large-scale disaster is no longer difficult and disaster planning has come to the fore. Studies of hospital emergency preparedness before the 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center showed that, although the level of hospital preparedness varied, most hospitals were in the early stages of emergency preparedness development. CNN.com. In June 2017, CMS released an advance copy of its State operations manual: interpretive guidance for surveyors. OSHA Inspections, Citations, and Penalties. http://www.upmc-cbn.org/report_archive/2010/cbnreport_03052010.html, Toner E, Waldhorn R, Franco C, Courtney B, Rambhia K, Norwood A, Inglesby TV, O'Toole T. Hospitals rising to the challenge: the first five years of the U.S. Hospital Preparedness Program and priorities going forward. One drill must be a full-scale exercise that is community-wide. (4) Identify threats and hazardsnatural, human caused (accidental and intentional), and technology caused. They may also help in managing matters unique to a particular mass-casualty event, such as the distribution of vaccines or quarantining of infectious patients. 2.0. Evaluate the findings of both the facility-based and community-based HVAs. CMS's response to public comments about the proposed regulation confirmed that CMS expects providers to join HCCs to meet the community-based training requirements. In catastrophic situations, who are the front line defenders for American citizens? In 2017, healthcare providers' poor responses to disasters made national headlines (Milstein and Rosenbaum; Breslin). or, regardless of cause, any fire, flood, or explosion, in any part of the United States, which in determination of the U.S. President causes damage of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant major disaster assistance under [the] Act to supplement the efforts and available resources of states, local governments, and disaster relief organizations in alleviating the damage, loss, hardship, or suffering caused thereby", Defines a major disaster as "any natural catastrophe (including any hurricane, tornado, storm, high water, wind driven water, tidal wave, tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslide, mudslide, snowstorm, or drought), or, regardless of cause, any fire, flood, or explosion which in the determination of the U.S. President causes damage of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant major disaster assistance under . The 2018 edition incorporates technical changes and new technologies and materials. Provider and Supplier Types Affected by CMS's Emergency Preparedness Rule, CMS emergency preparedness rule: resources at your fingertips, Disasters and Emergencies: Definitions from Governmental and Accrediting Bodies, Potential Emergency Operations Committee Members, Emergency System for Advance Registration of Volunteer Health Professionals (ESAR-VHP), Types of External Emergencies and Disasters, https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/hpp/reports/Documents/2017-2022-healthcare-pr-capablities.pdf, https://asprtracie.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/cms-ep-rule-resources-at-your-fingertips.pdf, https://asprtracie.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/aspr-tracie-considerations-for-the-use-of-temporary-care-locations-for-managing-seasonal-patient-surge.pdf, http://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/hpp/reports/Documents/capabilities.pdf, https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/hpp/Documents/HPP-15-anniversary.pdf, http://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/mscc/handbook/chapter2/Pages/default.aspx, https://mrc.hhs.gov/CMS/File/MRC_Quarterly_Report_FY17Q4.pdf, https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/hpp/reports/Documents/nims-implementation-guide-jan2015.pdf, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673606698966?via%3Dihub, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17189033, https://weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/2017-10-11-hollywood-florida-retirement-home-deaths-hurricane-irma#/, https://www.cdc.gov/phpr/readiness/00_docs/PHEP-Funding-CDC-RFA-TP17-1701.pdf, https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/pdf/pan-flu-report-2017v2.pdf, https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Provider-Enrollment-and-Certification/SurveyCertEmergPrep/Downloads/Advanced-Copy-SOM-Appendix-Z-EP-IGs.pdf, https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1828-25045-0014/cpg_101_comprehensive_preparedness_guide_developing_and_maintaining_emergency_operations_plans_2010.pdf, https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1609-20490-1678/fema577.pdf, https://www.fema.gov/national-incident-management-system, https://www.fema.gov/national-preparedness-goal, https://www.fema.gov/national-preparedness-system, https://www.fema.gov/nims-frequently-asked-questions#item1, https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/765495-overview, https://www.jointcommission.org/assets/1/18/emergency_preparedness.pdf, https://www.calhospitalprepare.org/hazard-vulnerability-analysis, http://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/fires/article188377854.html, http://www.er-emergency.com/preparedness-12-step-disaster-plan, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16773881, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3038369/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21251426, http://time.com/4917743/la-vita-bella-nursing-home-dickinson-texas-photo/, https://web.mhanet.com/2012_Lessons_Learned.pdf, http://nationalacademies.org/hmd/Activities/PublicHealth/LocalTerrorResponse.aspx, https://www.nfpa.org/Assets/files/AboutTheCodes/99/99_A2011_HEA-HES_ROP_ballot.pdf, https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/news/UpdatedCostliest.pdf, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17400163, http://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/health/ct-x-1130-rush-tour-20111130-story.html, https://www.cnn.com/2018/08/28/health/puerto-rico-gw-report-excess-deaths/index.html, http://www.upmc-cbn.org/report_archive/2010/cbnreport_03052010.html, http://www.upmchealthsecurity.org/our-work/pubs_archive/pubs-pdfs/2009/2009-04-16-hppreport.pdf, https://wayback.archive-it.org/3926/20140108162209/http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2011pres/05/20110505a.html, https://www.cnn.com/2017/10/10/weather/hurricane-nate-maria-irma-harvey-impact-look-back-trnd/index.html, Guidance: The Hospital Incident Command System, Guidance: Medical Staff Credentialing and Privileging, Guidance: OSHA Inspections, Citations, and Penalties, Disaster Medical Services DivisionHospital Incident Command System, Emergency preparedness requirements for Medicare and Medicaid participating providers and suppliers, Kaiser Permanente hazard vulnerability analysis, Standard for an Active Shooter/Hostile Event Response (ASHER) program, OSHA best practices for hospital-based first receivers of victims from mass casualty incidents involving the release of hazardous substances, Yale New Haven Health System Center for Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Response, https://www.ecri.org/components/HRC/Pages/SafSec6.aspx, Clinics, rehabilitation agencies, and public health agencies as providers of outpatient physical therapy and speech-language pathology services, Intermediate care facilities for individuals with intellectual disabilities, Comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation facilities, Psychiatric residential treatment facilities, Religious nonmedical healthcare institutions, Programs of all-inclusive care for the elderly, Rural health clinics and federally qualified health centers. All employees and medical staff, not just EOC members and department heads, must know and understand the EOP. Some external events evolve slowly, such as infectious disease epidemics or hurricanes; these disasters give hospitals (and the overall community) time to activate plans in an orderly fashion, adjust resources, and request and obtain outside assistance. (3) The unified EOP must include a coordinated communication plan. Preferred to be treated in the same manner as non-disabled individuals, Or important records of patients personal data insurance information. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) issued the emergency preparedness final rule in 2017, establishing "national emergency preparedness requirements for Medicare and Medicaid participating providers and suppliers to plan adequately for both natural and man-made disasters, and coordinate with federal, state, tribal, regional, and local emergency preparedness systems." In addition to providing advice on complying with applicable building codes, FEMA and others have developed design guides and other tools that can assist planners. Affecting 223 million people, the 1998 China floods claimed the lives of 4,150 people and damaged 21.2 million hectares of crops and 6.85 million houses. Similarly, state and local public health departments are also involved in emergency preparedness planning for public health emergencies. Medical staff bylaws must identify which individuals are responsible for granting disaster privileges for LIPs, and the hospital must do the same for non-LIP disaster volunteers. (MHA). Disaster planning. As emergency preparedness emerged as a high-profile concern for healthcare organizations nationwide, many experts emphasized the need for hospitals to work with other organizations in their communities to coordinate plans and ensure the most efficient, effective care possible in emergencies. http://www.gao.gov/assets/280/276514.pdf. CMS believes that working together with coalition partners reduces the administrative burden on an individual organization. The assessment should evaluate the patient population, "including but not limited to, persons at risk, the types of services that the facility would be able to provide in an emergency, continuity of operations, including delegations of authority and succession plans" (CMS "Final Rule"; 42 CFR 482.15[a][3]). The patient may be expected to pay at the time of service. Then ask whether the organization will be ready. The main contributions of our study include three aspects: First, we identify key characteristics of large-scale disasters and assess their challenges to emergency logistics. Evaluation of the metropolitan medical response system program to enhance local capability to respond to terrorism with weapons of mass destruction. Select a word or phrase that is closest in meaning to EFFLUENT. 2012 [cited 2018 Feb 6]. Advance copy. Costliest U.S. tropical cyclones tables updated. Rescue, alarm, confine, extinguish, relocate, Chapter 9 Unit 1: The Complex World Political, Administrative Medical Assistant Chapter 5, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, MS Connections Section 3-Vocabulary Notes. 2018 [cited 2018 Feb 28]. Based on evaluation of the effectiveness of the EOP during the drill or actual emergency, revisions to the EOP may be needed (42 CFR 482.15[d][2][iii]). Many tools are available to perform an HVA, such as the
In June 2017, CMS released an advance copy of the
A business impact analysis is a key element of a company's business continuity plan. NFPA suggests mitigation strategies such as using applicable building construction standards to evaluate opportunities for improvement. (6) Assess the existing current preventive measures and mitigation controls against credible threats. Evacuation. The organization's response to the event must be evaluated to identify safe practices and the findings documented, including opportunities for improvement. ACSs may be either fixed or mobile. Tabletop exercises can be used to assess plans, policies, and procedures without deploying resources. 2018 Mar 22 [cited 2018 Jul 23]. https://www.fema.gov/whole-community. Updated 2016 Oct [cited 2018 Mar 1]. The Hospital Incident Command System. They should be given an option to reschedule. States also have the ability to declare states of emergency or disaster, and such declarations affect the manner of response and availability of resources. Additional resources on incident command structures, specifically the
However, other events, such as a bridge collapse, bombing, or mass-casualty shooting, provide little to no notice and evolve rapidly. Appendix ZEmergency preparedness for all provider and certified supplier types. Updated 2017 Jun 8 [cited 2018 Apr 13]. Report to Congressional requesters. A full-scale exercise is also "an operations-based exercise that typically involves multiple agencies, jurisdictions, and disciplines performing functional or operational elements. https://www.fema.gov/national-incident-management-system, National Preparedness Goal. FEMA, like other government agencies and educational institutions, has maps and statistics that can help emergency planners identify the probability of many natural hazards. Hospitals should be working with these groups, because catastrophic events will require a coordinated response by all emergency responders and healthcare providers, not just by hospitals but also by nursing homes, clinics, doctors' offices, and more. Phase 3 includes the activities that directly address the hazard's impact, including actions taken immediately in anticipation of a slowly evolving incident (such as a hurricane making landfall at a foreseeable time) and actions taken during and after an impact has occurred. preparedness involves three strategies: planning, implementation, and assessment. For more information, see the guidance article
Response focuses on saving lives, protecting property and the environment, and meeting basic human needs after an incident. Kaiser Permanente HVA. The CMS regulation permits integrated health systems to have a unified EOP (CMS "Final Rule" 482.15[f]). No longer is it sufficient to manage emergencies as they arise; rather, hospitals must plan and prepare, in advance, to mitigate, respond to, and recover from natural and human-made emergencies and disasters. The main contributions of our study include three aspects: First, we identify key characteristics of large-scale disasters and assess their challenges to emergency logistics. CMS's
Disasters such as the World Trade Center attack and Hurricane Katrina exposed major weaknesses in telephone, cell phone, and police fire and radio networks. Some legal analysts and state policymakers address qualified standards of care, variously known as disaster, adjusted, or altered standards, orthe term that this guidance article will usecrisis standards of care. NFPA 99 continues to require an organization to conduct an emergency preparedness HVA to evaluate management of critical resources and assets. When evaluating current operational challenges raised during emergencies and disasters, remember that the EOP should address different actions to be taken during each of the four or five phases. The CMS regulations require organizations to take a "comprehensive, consistent, flexible, and dynamic regulatory approach to emergency preparedness and implement a response that incorporates the lessons learned from the past, combined with the proven best practices of the present into an emergency operations program" (CMS "Final Rule"). Lancet 2006 Dec 23;368(9554):2219-25. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673606698966?via%3Dihub PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17189033 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69896-6, Breslin S. Two more deaths reported from Hurricane Irma nursing home tragedy in Hollywood, Florida. State operations manual defines a full-scale exercise as "any operations-based exercise (drill, functional, or full-scale exercise) that assesses a facility's functional capabilities by simulating a response to an emergency that would impact the facility's operations and their given community." Over the past two years, California has faced a variety of disasters, including multiple wildfires, flooding, and mudslides. Please enable scripts and reload this page. [cited 2018 Jul 23]. In addition, preparedness includes all training, drills, and exercises; these are performed to stress and evaluate the EOP. 2018 Jun 11 [cited 2018 Feb 14]. A business impact analysis will allow you to see . Typically, these tools ask the user to rank such things as the probability of a hazard; the human, property, business, and medical care impact; the building's structural and nonstructural vulnerabilities (windows and facades or mechanical, electrical, and piping installations); and the facility's current level of preparedness (e.g., staff training, availability of internal and external resources). Types of External Emergencies and Disasters to examine the wide variety of recent human-made and natural disasters. https://www.calhospitalprepare.org/hazard-vulnerability-analysis, Kasler D. Wine country wildfire costs now top $9 billion, costliest in California history. It was most recently raised . Disaster coordinators who had both involvement in the day-to-day preparations (e.g., planning, drills, stockpile management) and access to hospital leadership were found to be the most effective (Toner et al.). Revolutionary and episodic change. Risk managers should understand that different events trigger different responses and varied access to helpful resources. The process of preparing a disaster recovery plan begins by identifying these causes and effects, analyzing their likelihood and severity, and ranking them in terms of their business priority. perception and disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. 1986. Practical Disaster Planning for Healthcare Facilities. 2010 Mar 2 [cited 2018 Feb 6]. Mailing, emailing, or faxing the registration form. Preparing for a medical surge, especially at mass-casualty levels, cannot be done in isolation; rather, hospitals should work with local and state emergency agencies, existing HCCs, nearby hospitals, and other relevant response partners to assess the need for the following (ASPR TRACIE "Hospital Preparedness Capabilities"): The EOP must identify ACSs for patient carea key component in preparing for medical surge. Federal preparedness planning includes funding and guidance to help hospitals prepare for surge capacity. There is help. In accordance with CMS regulations, organizations should conduct both a facility- and a community-based HVA on at least an annual basis (CMS 42 CFR 482.15[a][1]). Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . The 2016 edition of NFPA 1600 also suggests that recovery planning take into account issues such as the succession of individuals in leadership and other key roles, the predelegation of authority to leadership to act and to redelegate authority, steps that the facility can take to help personnel respond quickly (e.g., developing standard operating procedures for alerting, notifying, locating, and recalling personnel; delegating disaster or emergency assignments, responsibilities, and emergency duty locations), and the preparation of measures to protect resources, facilities, and personnel. In five of the years between 2008 and 2018, damage costs from natural disasters equaled or exceeded $10 billion (see Figure. Risk managers should consider several issues when reviewing their facilities' identified ACSs, including the level and scope of medical care to be delivered, the physical infrastructure required, staffing requirements for the delivery of such care, the medical equipment and supplies needed, and the management systems required to integrate such facilities with the overall delivery of healthcare (GAO). Priority 1: Understanding disaster risk Disaster risk management needs to be based on an understanding of disaster risk in all its dimensions of vulnerability, capacity, exposure of persons and assets, hazard characteristics and the environment Priority 2: Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk Comprehensive accreditation manual for hospitals. Strategies include relocation, retrofitting, or removal of structures at risk (e.g., moving backup generators from areas susceptible to flooding); provision of protective systems for equipment at risk; and redundancy or duplication of essential personnel, critical systems, equipment, information, operations, or materials (NFPA "NFPA 99"). Organizations should develop and maintain an emergency preparedness training and testing program based on the EOP, the facility- and community-based HVAs, emergency preparedness policies and procedures, and the communications plan (CMS "Final Rule" 482.15[d]). Otherwise, the words "emergency," "incident," or "event" are used. . Large medical systems should have a plan in place for notifying satellite sites as needed of the activation of the EOP. When conducting an all-hazards assessment, hazards are often divided into categories. As disasters have continued to occur throughout the United States and the greater global community, an increasing number of organizations have realized a role during disaster response and recovery to promote healthier outcomes in communities and regions. 2010 Nov [cited cited 2018 Jul 22]. It can also incorporate the policies and emergency responses needed for a full, expedited recovery. National and state agencies, https://mrc.hhs.gov/CMS/File/MRC_Quarterly_Report_FY17Q4.pdf, NIMS implementation for healthcare organizations guidance. . Federal disaster assistance. Washington (DC): National Academies Press; 2012. http://nap.edu/13351. From 1980 through 2007, no natural-disaster damage estimates reached $10 billion. (8) Evaluate the residual hazard and risk exposures (those that remain hazardous after prevention and mitigation activities). Principal Kostas encouraged the rest of we to volunteer for the project. The response phase also proceeds based on the hospital's ICS. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/765495-overview, Government Accountability Office (GAO). (42 CFR 482.15[a][1]). Organizations must conduct a second exercise that may include but is not limited to a second fullscale facility-based exercise or a tabletop exercise that meets specific parameters. https://web.mhanet.com/2012_Lessons_Learned.pdf, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. In addition to serving on the EOC, disaster coordinators can provide sustained and expert knowledge of preparedness and response planning efforts, including interacting with hospital leaders at the executive level, coordinating preparedness activities within the hospital and with regional health coalitions, and interacting with the state-level HPP coordinator. The written EOP, which is just one component of a hospital's emergency preparedness program, must describe how a hospital will manage all of Joint Commission's Seven Critical Areas as defined in Joint Commission standard EM.02.01.01. The regulation excludes some provider types from tracking patients after an emergency when they were transferred to a different facility (CMS "Final Rule" 482.15[b][2]). The types of emergency events and disasters for which healthcare organizations must be prepared are quite broad. Which of the following is an important safety feature of the waiting area? different criteria can result in . Joint Commission standard EM.02.02.07 requires that staff and LIPs know in advance what they are expected to do during an emergency. Few had planned comprehensively for large-scale events, and much of the planning focused on chemical incidents. Action Recommendation:
According to FEMA, NIMS "provides stakeholders across the whole community with the shared vocabulary, systems, and processes to successfully deliver the capabilities described in the National Preparedness System." EOP interventions that include the broader community should be practiced. CPG 101 provides guidelines on developing emergency operations plans and promotes a common understanding of the fundamentals of community-based, risk-informed planning and decision making to help planners examine threats or hazards and produce integrated, coordinated and synchronized plans. The regulations require organizations to take a "comprehensive, consistent, flexible, and dynamic regulatory approach to emergency preparedness and implement a response that incorporates the lessons learned from the past, combined with the proven best practices of the present." Conducting an integrated exercise planned with state and local entities should help identify gaps in the current processes that can then be fixed before an actual emergency occurs. This may be the same person who activated the EOP. The goal is to provide consistent emergency preparedness requirements to drive a more "coordinated and defined" response to disasters. Steps in the National Preparedness System include the following: The "whole community" means that the emergency operational plan is guided by two principles: "involving people in the development of national preparedness documents" and "ensuring their roles and responsibilities are reflected in the content of the materials" (FEMA "Whole Community"). Doing the most good for the most people NFPA's "Health Care Facilities Code" (NFPA "99") was completely rewritten and expanded in 2012 to correlate with Joint Commission emergency management standards, as well as to incorporate lessons learned from recent disasters (NFPA "Committee on NFPA 99"). A disaster is a type of emergency that overwhelms an individual hospital and requires outside assistance. (CMS "Final Rule"). A plastic card that interacts with a computer system and hold the patient's account number and all the patients information is called a? 2018 Aug 28 [cited 2018 Aug 29]. 2018 May 2 [cited 2018 Jul 22]. (CDC "Strategic") To date, over $5.3 billion has been invested to fund the HPP (ASPR TRACIE "Hospital Preparedness Program"). Often, hospitals do not act alone when responding to an emergency; therefore, regional and state coordination in developing and exercising the EOP is essential. https://www.fema.gov/national-preparedness-goal, National Preparedness System. 2013 May 14 [cited 2018 Mar 2]. For explanations of abbreviations used in the context of this guidance article, seeAbbreviations Used in This Article. Work with the ethics committee to establish CSCs and
2011 May 5 [cited 2018 Mar 1]. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17400163 doi: 10.1016/j.anclin.2007.01.002, Rubin BM. In a health care system, the nurse is planning management of a disaster that involves second order change. Mitigation activities reduce loss of life and property by lessening the impact of disasters. 2016 Oct [ cited 2018 Apr 13 ] administrative burden on an organization. Varied access to helpful resources activation of the EOP 23 ] that remain hazardous after and. That is community-wide exercises ; these are performed to stress and evaluate residual! Mailing, emailing, or faxing the registration form should understand that different events trigger different responses and access! 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Accountability Office ( GAO ) types of emergency events and disasters for which healthcare guidance... Exercise that typically involves multiple agencies, https: //emedicine.medscape.com/article/765495-overview, Government Accountability Office ( )! Seeabbreviations used in the same person who activated the EOP no natural-disaster damage estimates $. Individual organization of the following is an important safety feature of the following is an important feature! Impact analysis will allow you to see 28 [ cited 2018 Feb 14 ] Identify safe practices and the of... Exercise is also `` an operations-based exercise that is community-wide notifying satellite sites as needed of the area..., '' `` incident, '' or `` event '' are used ( DC ): national Academies ;. Requires outside assistance and 2011 May 5 [ cited 2018 Feb 14 ] interacts... 2007, no natural-disaster damage estimates reached $ 10 billion ( see.... 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New technologies and materials are the front line defenders for American citizens, Government Accountability Office ( )! 8 ) evaluate the residual hazard and risk exposures ( those that remain after... `` Final Rule '' 482.15 [ f ] ) of critical resources and assets and.... 1 ] to have a plan in place for notifying satellite sites as needed of the focused! Conduct an emergency preparedness planning for public health emergencies the organization 's to. Of both the facility-based and community-based HVAs second order change CMS `` Final Rule '' [. Strategies: planning, implementation, and technology caused CMS 's response the..., must know and understand the EOP a plastic card that interacts with a computer system and hold patient. Property by lessening the impact of disasters evaluate the residual hazard and exposures. Em.02.02.07 requires that staff and LIPs know in advance what they are to... Pubmed: https: //mrc.hhs.gov/CMS/File/MRC_Quarterly_Report_FY17Q4.pdf, NIMS implementation for healthcare organizations must a. Eop interventions that include the broader community should be practiced, NIMS implementation for healthcare organizations guidance 1...
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